GDP growth forecast
Although this year started with relatively strong economic expansion, such rapid growth is unsustainable and is expected to slow down in the coming quarters. In light of this, the overall GDP growth projections for 2024 remain unchanged at 1.8%, with the growth momentum in 2025 projected to be weaker than previously expected.
Amid persistently high geopolitical risks and elevated lending rates, households and investors have become cautious about their spending.
Lowering of interest rates
On 6 June, the Governing Council of the ECB decided to review the degree of monetary policy restriction and to lower the key ECB interest rates by 25 basis points.
- the interest rate on the main refinancing operations was decreased to 4.25%
- the interest rate on the marginal lending facility was lowered to 4.50%
- the deposit facility – to 3.75%
Inflation predict
Over the first months of the year, inflation has been low. The inflation data of the past few months have been slightly weaker than projected in March 2024. Nonetheless, given the recent rise in natural gas futures prices, Latvijas Banka has maintained its inflation forecast for 2024 at 1.5%.
Budget deficit
Owing to a slower rise in tax revenue, largely due to the fading effect of high inflation, the budget deficit is projected to widen compared to the previous year. At the same time, with government investment expanding and the funding for compensating employees in various sectors being increased, the overall expenditure is expected to grow at a faster rate.
Monetary policy tightening has helped significantly reduce inflation in the euro area, allowing the Governing Council of the European Central Bank (ECB) to take a decision to lower the key ECB interest rates. According to the latest ECB projections, inflation is expected to be approximately 2.5% this year and it will continue declining in 2025, approaching the 2% target set by the Governing Council of the ECB. The future decisions on the ECB interest rates will also be based on the assessment of the inflation outlook, inter alia considering the incoming economic and financial data, the dynamics of underlying inflation and the strength of monetary policy transmission. The Governing Council of the ECB decided to advance the normalisation of the Eurosystem's balance sheet by reducing its portfolio of the pandemic emergency purchase programme (PEPP) by 7.5 billion euro per month on average over the second half of the year. Moreover, the Governing Council intends to discontinue reinvestments under the PEPP at the end of 2024. During the first months of 2024, electricity and heat supply prices declined, while prices for various services, including the administratively regulated prices, increased. In addition, indirect taxes were raised in this period. Meanwhile, prices for food and industrial goods fluctuated in certain months due to price volatility resulting from sales. Global supply chain disruptions caused by geopolitical tensions have not significantly affected the prices of industrial goods. Over the next two years, inflation is projected to stand at roughly 2% (2.1% and 1.8% in 2025 and 2026 respectively). As the impact of energy prices on the average price rise diminishes, domestic factors are becoming more influential in driving price developments. Amid low unemployment and wage increases that substantially outpace productivity, Latvia's labour market remains tight. Wages are expected to sustain growth of over 7% also in the medium term. These wage increases will contribute to a situation where the core inflation rate (3%–4%) remains persistently higher than the headline inflation. Since estimates suggest lower levels of private consumption and investment, the forecast for 2025 has been revised downwards from the 2024 March forecast (from 3.6% to 3.3%). Although less impactful than projected earlier, domestic demand will remain the primary driver over the short term. Moreover, demand growth will be significantly supported by government investment. The forecast for GDP growth in 2026 has remained unchanged at 3.8%. Faster growth will be supported by stronger private consumption and investment as well as exports. The poor performance in exports observed so far can be attributed to the weakness in Latvia's export market, rather than a decline in its competitiveness. Nonetheless, concerns about competitiveness remain as relatively steep wage increases, exceeding those of Latvia's trade partners and outpacing productivity growth, are weakening the cost competitiveness of exporters, making it more difficult for them to maintain and expand their market shares. The budget deficit assessment for this year has improved compared to the March projections on account of adjustments to certain tax collection assumptions and tax revenue growth. As the expenditure for implementing the projects financed from the European Union funds and the Rail Baltica project has been adjusted for each year according to the latest available information, the balance sheet assessments have been revised downwards for the coming years. The government debt in 2024 is projected to be higher than last year. Over the next years, the government debt will be higher than previously projected and will follow the previous upward trend.Lowering of interest rates
Inflation in Latvia remains low, ranking among the lowest in the euro area
While GDP growth will be sluggish in 2024, it is expected to strengthen in the coming years
Budget deficit has increased year on year, and government debt is expected to grow further
Macroeconomic fundamentals: Latvijas Banka's forecasts
|
2024 |
2025 |
2026 |
|
|
Economic activity (annual changes; %; at constant prices; seasonally adjusted data) |
|||
|
GDP |
1.8 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
|
Private consumption |
2.3 |
3.4 |
3.5 |
|
Government consumption |
4.2 |
0.7 |
0.1 |
|
Investment |
4.2 |
3.7 |
5.2 |
|
Exports |
0.6 |
3.3 |
3.4 |
|
Imports |
0.8 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
|
HICP inflation (annual changes; %) |
|||
|
Inflation |
1.5 |
2.1 |
1.8 |
|
Core inflation (excluding food and energy prices) |
3.6 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
|
Labour market |
|||
|
Unemployment (% of the economically active population; seasonally adjusted data) |
6.7 |
6.4 |
6.1 |
|
Nominal gross wage (annual changes; %) |
7.9 |
7.8 |
7.6 |
|
External sector |
|||
|
Current account balance (% of GDP) |
–4.1 |
–4.1 |
–3.6 |
|
Government finances (% of GDP) |
|||
|
General government debt |
44.5 |
45.5 |
46.0 |
|
Budget surplus/deficit |
–3.8 |
–3.5 |
–2.8 |
The cut-off date for the information used in the forecast is 22 May 2024 (and 15 May for the information used in some technical assumptions).